What is the Periodic Table of Elements? (Interactive 3D Periodic Table)
Explore the complete periodic table of elements with interactive 3D WebGL orbital models, real-time temperature state simulations, isotopes decay data, and IUPAC chemical properties.
Periodic Table Groups & Element Classification
The modern periodic table organizes 118 known chemical elements in order of increasing atomic number (Z), structured into 7 periods, 18 groups, and 4 electron subshell blocks (s, p, d, f):
1. Alkali & Alkaline Earth Metals (Groups 1 & 2)
Highly reactive s-block metals with characteristic +1 and +2 oxidation states (Lithium, Sodium, Potassium, Magnesium, Calcium).
2. Transition Metals (Groups 3-12)
d-block elements featuring multiple oxidation states, high electrical conductivity, and colorful coordination complexes (Iron, Copper, Gold, Silver).
3. Post-Transition Metals & Metalloids
Semiconducting elements bridging metallic and nonmetallic characteristics (Silicon, Germanium, Arsenic) powering modern electronics.
4. Reactive Nonmetals & Halogens (Group 17)
Electronegative p-block elements (Fluorine, Chlorine, Bromine, Iodine) readily accepting electrons to achieve stable octet shells.
5. Noble Gases (Group 18)
Inert gases with fully saturated valence shells (ns²np⁶) exhibiting very low chemical reactivity under standard conditions (Helium, Neon, Argon).
6. Lanthanides & Actinides (f-Block Elements)
Rare-earth metals and heavy radioactive actinoids at the bottom of the table (Uranium, Plutonium, Holmium).
Periodic Table Trends, Charges & Atomic Mass
Atomic Radius & Electronegativity Trends
Across a period from left to right, atomic radii decrease while electronegativity and ionization energy increase. Down a group, atomic radius expands.
Periodic Table with Charges (Oxidation States)
Predict common ionic charges and oxidation numbers based on group position, electron configuration, and valence shell electrons.
Periodic Table with Atomic Mass
Standard atomic weights measured in unified atomic mass units (u / Da), calculated as the weighted average of natural isotopes.
118 Periodic Table Directory
View complete element catalog →Frequently Asked Questions About the Periodic Table (FAQ)
How many elements are on the periodic table?
There are currently 118 confirmed chemical elements on the periodic table recognized by IUPAC, beginning with Hydrogen (Z=1) and ending with Oganesson (Z=118).
What is 67 on the periodic table?
Element 67 on the periodic table is Holmium (symbol: Ho, atomic mass: 164.93 u). Holmium is a rare-earth metal belonging to the lanthanide series.
What is the difference between a period and a group on the periodic table?
A period is a horizontal row on the periodic table containing elements with the same number of electron shells. A group is a vertical column containing elements with identical valence electron counts and similar chemical behavior.